Research Paper

Expansion of Captive Coal Power and Challenges for Emission Reduction in Indonesia’s Nickel Smelting Industry

Description	This paper, originally released at the 42nd Conference on Energy Systems, Economy, and Environment, was republished with the permission of the Japan Society of Energy and resources.
Author	Keita Sato
Summary	In Indonesia, the rapid expansion of nickel smelters has been driven by increasing global demand for electric vehicle batteries and by the government’s downstream industrialization policy. Many smelters are located in ...
Media	ＨＰ (2/12/2026)
Report PDF	https://eneken.ieej.or.jp/data/13048.pdf